{
  "measured_on": "2026-09-14",
  "question": "whether the order of mesh repairs changes the result",
  "object": "icosphere, subdivisions 4, scaled to 100 mm across, then damaged four ways at once: 6 hole patches, 400 faces given private copies of their corners, 2 faces with no area, and a triangle count to be halved",
  "trimesh_version": "5.1.0",
  "numpy_version": "2.5.2",
  "operations": [
    {
      "operation": "weld",
      "what_it_does": "merge corners that sit at the same coordinates"
    },
    {
      "operation": "fill",
      "what_it_does": "close the boundary loops with new triangles"
    },
    {
      "operation": "degen",
      "what_it_does": "drop faces that enclose no area"
    },
    {
      "operation": "simplify",
      "what_it_does": "decimate to roughly half the triangle count"
    }
  ],
  "truth": {
    "vertices": 2562,
    "faces": 5120,
    "boundary_edges": 0,
    "nonmanifold_edges": 0,
    "shells": 1,
    "watertight": true,
    "volume_mm3": 522467.3685
  },
  "defective_state": {
    "vertices": 3762,
    "faces": 5098,
    "boundary_edges": 2360,
    "nonmanifold_edges": 2,
    "shells": 401,
    "watertight": false
  },
  "orders_tried": 24,
  "orders_closed": 4,
  "closing_orders": [
    "degen then weld then simplify then fill",
    "weld then degen then simplify then fill",
    "weld then simplify then degen then fill",
    "weld then simplify then fill then degen"
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  ],
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      "constraint": "weld before fill",
      "orders_with_this": 12,
      "orders_closed": 4,
      "share_closed": 0.3333,
      "required": true
    },
    {
      "constraint": "weld before degen",
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      "constraint": "weld before simplify",
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      "constraint": "fill before weld",
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    },
    {
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  ],
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    {
      "layout_seed": 11,
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      },
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        "degen then weld then simplify then fill",
        "weld then degen then simplify then fill",
        "weld then simplify then degen then fill",
        "weld then simplify then fill then degen"
      ]
    },
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        "degen then weld then simplify then fill",
        "weld then degen then simplify then fill",
        "weld then simplify then degen then fill",
        "weld then simplify then fill then degen"
      ]
    },
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        "weld then degen then simplify then fill",
        "weld then simplify then degen then fill",
        "weld then simplify then fill then degen"
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      "closing_orders": [
        "degen then weld then simplify then fill",
        "weld then degen then simplify then fill",
        "weld then simplify then degen then fill",
        "weld then simplify then fill then degen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "same_orders_close_every_layout": true,
  "not_measured_here": [
    "What any named repair tool does. The four operations here are the ones every tool exposes, but Meshmixer, Netfabb, MeshLab and Blender each implement them differently and some chain several of them behind a single button, which is exactly why the order is usually invisible to the person clicking it.",
    "Whether an automatic hole fill produces the shape the designer wanted. Closing a boundary loop and closing it correctly are different questions, and only the first one is measured here. A large hole spanning a concave region can be closed into a surface nobody intended.",
    "Meshes whose defects interact with the shape, such as a hole that spans a thin wall or self intersections. The defects here are placed at random on a convex surface, which is the easy case; the ordering result is a lower bound on how much the choice matters."
  ]
}